Bitcoin
What a Bitcoin UTXO Is and Why It Matters
Bitcoin does not track balances; it tracks unspent transaction outputs — discrete coins that are consumed whole and regenerated as change, with real…
Author
Tomás Ferreira
Independent editorial contributor covering crypto markets, digital assets and fintech for VUGA Network publications.
Articles by Tomás Ferreira
Crypto News
How Crypto Tax Form 1099-DA Works in Its First Filing Season
Form 1099-DA is the IRS information return digital-asset brokers file on their customers — first used for 2025 transactions, with the earliest copies landing in…
Bitcoin
How Bitcoin Transaction Fees and the Mempool Work
Unconfirmed bitcoin transactions wait in a public queue called the mempool, and miners sort that queue by fee rate, not by arrival time.
Crypto News
BlackRock's Bitcoin ETF Lost $528 Million in a Day as BTC Hit a 10-Month Low
IBIT's single largest daily outflow on record, 528.3 million dollars on January 30, landed the same week bitcoin touched roughly 81,000 dollars — its lowest…
Trading
How Leverage and Margin Trading Work on Crypto Exchanges
Leverage lets a trader control a position many times larger than the collateral posted; margin is the collateral itself, and the exchange takes it when the…